Traditional Chinese medicine health care from "long term taking" drugs in Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica / 中国中药杂志

"Taking drugs for a long term" is a qualitative expression of medication method based on the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine, and the study on it is conducive to the full utilization of the efficacy and rational use of drugs. There are 148 drugs that can be taken for a long time recorded in Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica, accounting for 41% of the total drugs. This paper analyzed three-grade classification, natural qualities, four properties and five flavors, and efficacy features of the "long-term taking" drugs(LTTD), thus exploring the herbal source of traditional Chinese medicine health care and the rationality of effect accumulation by long-term taking. It was found that there were more than 110 top-grade LTTD in Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica, most of which were herbs, with sweet flavor, flat property, and no toxicity. The efficacies were mainly making body feel light and agile(Qingshen) and prolonging life. Eighty-three LTTD were included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). In the modern classification, tonic LTTD accounted for the most, followed by damp-draining diuretic LTTD and exterior-releasing LTTD. Twenty LTTD were included in the "List of Medicinal and Edible Products" and 21 were in the "List of Products Used for Health-care Food", involving in various modern health care effects, such as enhancing immunity, assisting in reducing blood lipids, and anti-oxidation. Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica is the classic source of traditional Chinese medicine health care, and its medication thought of taking drugs for a long term to accumulate effects has guiding significance for the regulation of sub-health and chronic diseases nowadays. The efficacy and safety of LTTD have been examined in practice for a long time, and some of the drugs are edible, which is unique in the whole cycle of health-care service, especially in line with the health-care needs in the aging society under the concept of Big Health. However, some records in the book are limited by the understanding of the times, which should be scientifically studied according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the related regulations and technical requirements, under the attitude of eliminating falsifications and preserving the truth and keeping the right essence, so as to achieve further improvement, innovation, and development.

Research strategy for quality-biomarkers of traditional Chinese medicine based on effect benchmarks / 药学学报

The quality control of traditional Chinese medicine provides the premise of its modernization and globalization. Currently, the dual quality control based on chemical benchmark and effect benchmark has been recognized domestically and internationally. Research efforts have lead to establishment of a series of effective quality control methods based on chemical components, medicinal properties, microscopic characteristics, material constituents and pharmacodynamic targets. In the study of quality control based on chemical benchmarks, fruitful results on fingerprints, DNA barcodes, and quality markers have been achieved. However, due to a variety of factors, such as growth period, origin, growth environment and preparation process of traditional Chinese medicine, the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine based on chemical benchmarks remains difficult to fully reflect the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, there is still a dispute on how to accurately reflect the quality of traditional Chinese medicines based on chemical benchmarks. For example, the index components selected in the Chinese medicine quality standards are difficult to totally reflect all the components of Chinese medicine, and the relevance between the index components versus therapeutic effect is not yet clear. In view of the complex signal network by cascade reaction and crosstalk of multi-signaling pathways within an organism, and the coordinated regulation of multi-components and multi-targets of traditional Chinese medicine, there may be different components regulating the same signal network or situations where the amount of certain chemical components within a range is not sufficient to cause a change in the signal network. Therefore, the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine based on the effect benchmark may be a useful supplement to the quality standard of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper proposes a Q-biomarker research strategy based on the effect benchmark in order to provide a methodological reference for the quality control research of traditional Chinese medicine.

Role of MiR-20a-3p in Axonal Repair in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective:To study the molecular biology mechanisms of Wistar rats after spinal cord injury, and find out key microRNAs. Methods:A total of 15 Wistar rats were divided into control group (<italic>n</italic> = 3) and spinal cord injury group (<italic>n</italic> = 12). The latter group was divided into four hours, three days, seven days and 14 days subgroups, with three rats in each subgroup. Microarray 3.0 was used to investigate microRNA expression profiles of Wistar rats with spinal cord injury. Bioinformatics was used to predict microRNAs playing key regulatory roles, and to predict target genes. Reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to detect the expression of miR-20a-3p. Western blotting was employed to detect the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 level. The correlation between target protein and microRNA expression trend in each group was analyzed. The key microRNA was inhibited in the neurons. The relationship between target protein expression and axon growth was observed with immunofluorescence. Results:In the rats with spinal cord injury, totally 658 microRNAs had changed at least once. In all the altered microRNAs, miR-20a-3p was upregulated obviously. It predicted that the target gene of miR-20a-3p was STAT3 via application of bioinformatics analysis. The expression trend of STAT 3 and miR-20a-3p in spinal cord was opposite. After the inhibition of miR-20a-3p, the expression of STAT3 in neurons was unregulated and axonal growth was extended. Conclusion:The upregulation of miR-20a-3p leads to downregulation of STAT3, and miR-20a-3p is one of the key targets in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

Current situation and prospect of resource evaluation and sustainable utilization on Bletilla / 中国中药杂志

The plants of Bletilla are one of the groups in Orchidaceae with the highest economic value. As the traditional Chinese medicinal material, Bletillae Rhizoma exhibits excellent efficacy in hemostatic, antibiosis, detumescent, anticancer activities and regenerating tissue to heal wound, which has great development potential. However, Bletillae Rhizoma is mainly collected from wild resources. At present, the quantity of wild resources of Bletilla plants has sharply decreased and is far from meeting the needs. Resource appraisal and breeding and cultivation of excellent germplasms of Bletilla plants are important for scientific utilization of the resources of the genus. This paper reviewed the following researches of Chinese Bletilla resources: species and distribution, genetic diversity, active ingredient evaluation, breeding, as well as seeding production and cultivation techniques. Suggestions were also provided in further researches on the resources evaluation, sustainable development and efficient utilization of Chinese Bletilla plants.

LncRNA Neat1 is upregulated in P19 cell line processed with all-trans-retinoic acid / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the expression of Neat1 in the differentiation of P19 cells induced by all-trans-retinoic acid(atRA) and to explore the effect of histone modification on its expression. Methods The differentiation of P19 cells was induced with the α-MEM culture media containing 0.5 μmol/L all-trans-retinoic( atRA) acid and the expression Mash1 which is the neural differentiation maker gene was measured. The expression of Neat1 was measured with RT-qPCR. The cells were treated with TSA, NAM or AdOx respectively to investigate the effect of the histone modifier inhibitor on the expression of Neat1. Results The model of differentiation of P19 cells induced by atRA was successfully constructed. Mash1 was significantly upregulated in the process of P19 cells differentiation.Neat1 was significantly upregulated with the induction of P19 cells treated with atRA(P＜0.01). The TSA but not the NAM or AdOx could induce the expression of the Neat1.Conclusions The expression of Neat1 is significantly upregulated in the process of P19 differentiation induced by atRA and the the high level of histone acetylation maintained by TSA potentially induce the expression of Neat1.

Investigation for Peripheral Blood Levels of Erythrocyte Micro-particles in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To assess the clinical significance of peripheral blood levels of erythrocyte micro-particles on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosis. Methods: A total of 150 patients treated in our hospital from 2015-01 to 2016-09 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Non-CAD (coronary artery disease) group, n=45 and ACS group, n=105. ACS group was further divided into 3 subgroups: STEMI (acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) subgroup, n=37, Non-STEMI subgroup, n=31 and UAP (Unstable angina pectoris) subgroup, n=37. Peripheral blood sample was collected, erythrocyte micro-particles were separated by Ca2+ vector A23187 method and relevant micro-particles were labeled by specific antibody (glycophorine A) for qualitative and quantitative flow cytometry analysis. Results: Compared with Non-CAD group, ACS group had the higher peripheral level of erythrocyte micro-particles [％, 26.20 (15.90, 38.00) vs 14.00 (4.35, 36.35), P<0.05]. In ACS group, erythrocyte micro-particles were similar among 3 subgroups: in STEMI subgroup [％, 27.20 (17.25, 24.25)], in Non-STEMI subgroup [％, 21.50 (12.76, 34.90)] and in UAP subgroup [％, 30.20 (17.10, 39.65)], P>0.05. Conclusion: Peripheral blood levels of erythrocyte micro-particles were elevated in ACS patients which implied it may involve ACS development and could be related to acute thrombosis event in ACS patients.

Advance in Riluzole for Spinal Cord Injury (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling disease usually caused by trauma. The treatment and nursing of SCI patients has brought great economic burden to the society. This article introduced the mechanism of riluzole in treating spinal cord in-jury, including blocking Na+channels, reducing glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, promoting the expression of neuro-trophic factors, and alleviating cellular oxidative stress damage and apoptosis, and the research progress on clinical trials of riluzole.

Design of casualty sorting unit in tent-form field medical system / 医疗卫生装备

Object To design a casualty sorting unit with chest integrated with table in the tent-form field medical system.Methods The unit was designed with virtual prototype simulation and CAD, which took considerations on the service orientation, the types and quantity of equipment and devices as well as the requirements for packaging box's size and dimensions of the tent-form field medical system.Results The unit had a size of 1795 mm ×600 mm ×600 mm when deployed, and could be used as the field diagnostic and treatment table; the size was 800 mm ×600 mm ×600 mm when withdrawn, when the module met the requirements of the tent-form field medical system for the packaging box and could be used to hold valuable devices such as color Doppler ultrasound and ECG machine. Finite element simulation and check verified that the module had shape and stress changes due to austere force satisfy the desired requirements.Conclusion The unit gains advantages in deployment and withdrawal, materials, mechanical structure and ergonomics-based operation, accords with the requirements for modularity and multi function integrated into one decice, and enhances the efficiency of casualty sorting in the tent-form field medical system.

Study on X-ray protection module in radiodiagnosis unit of tent-form field medical system / 医疗卫生装备

Object To study on the X-ray protection module in the radiodiagnosis unit to protect X-ray technicians, other medical staffs and etc against radiation during standing and lying X-ray examinations in the tent-form field medical system.Methods A local tightness protection solution was put forward involving in lead protective materials, standing shoot rack,diagnosis couch as well as considerations on the service orientation of the tent-form field medical system and the operation mode of the X-ray tent. A protective support with fast-plug and lateral folding structure was designed based on X-ray radiation protection principle and lead equivalent calculation of the lead curtain. An X-ray protection module was developed with the lend curtain, protective support, warning sign and etc.Results The dose peaked at vertical direction, and at vertical direction the annual dose to the public 1 m away from the tent was 78.8μSv which was far lower than the limit value 1 mSv. The strength of the protective support met the requirements, and the maximum deformation of the support bar was 15 mm after the suspension of the lead curtain.Conclusion The X-ray protection module gains advantages in design, structure, operation,rapid deployment and withdrawal, handling and transport as well as protective effective according to GB 18871—2002 regulation, and thus can be used for X-ray diagnosis at peace and war time.

Design of first aid module in tent-form field medical system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a multi-function first-aid module integrating instruments with the box to solve the existing problems in integration, operation, deployment, withdrawal, environmental adaptability and etc, so as to realize integrated storage, transport and operation of the instruments. Methods The module had its structure, modes of deployment and withdrawal, instruments buffering and vibration isolation, ergonomics and etc designed with the technologies of integrating box and instruments, integration, buffering and vibration isolation, centralized oxygen and power supply as well as the methods of system modeling,structure simulation and CAD.Results The first-aid module was gifted with the functions of respiratory and circulatory rehabilitation,vital signs monitoring,emergency treatment of complex and multi injuries, which could be used as a 2 000 mm×800 mm×600 mm emergency treatment platform when deployed. There were 4 angles for adjusting the backboard to form anti-shock positions for the severe casualties.The module had the time for deployment and withdrawal not more than 5 min,and was easy to deploy,withdraw,transport and store.Conclusion The module behaves well in structure,function,layout,operation and military service when used for the treatment of the severe casualties in the tent-form field medical system,which contributes to enhancing the casualty treatment efficiency and prognosis.[Chinese Medi-cal Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):12-16]

Design and application of field tent hospital system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a set of field tent hospital system to further enhance campaign-level medical support service. Methods The system had its service orientation, functional requirements, component unit and modular elements determined with system analysis. The technical architecture was realized with tent combined with boxes, and the system modules were designed with the method of integrated box and instruments.Results The system had its design executed from the aspects of layout,composition of grid tent,medical functional units,support unit and packaging unit,which was applied in a series of military medical support operations in foreign countries and China as well as in the construction of national medical emergency rescue forces. Conclusion The system gains advantages in modularity, integration, completing, informatization and standardization,and thus greatly enhances the military medical support ability and national emergency medical rescue ability in China.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):1-6,16]

Manifestation of medullary thyroid carcinoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the 18F-FDG PET/CT features of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and to improve its diagnosis preoperatively.Methods Data of 18F-FDG PET/CT findings and clinical materials of 7 patients with MTC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. SUVmaxEand SUVmaxDwere measured in primary tumor, and retention index(RI)was calculated.Results There were four patients with single lesion,two patients with double lesions, one patient with multiple lesions,four patients with lesions of irregular shape,four patients with lesions of unclear border, seven patients with lesions of uneven decreased density and five patients with calcifications in lesions.Uptake of 18F-FDG in primary tumor was lower in 2 patients,their SUVmaxEvalues were 2.5 and 2.1 respectively,and RI values were-20% and-14.3% respectively.The other five patients showed higher metabolism in both early and delayed imaging,and SUVmaxEwas 3.6-9.1 with an average of 5.8±2.1.RI was 7.5%-45.8% with the average of 21.3%±16.2%.There were five patients with cervical lymph node metastasis.The high metabolism was found in both early and delayed imaging of FDG.The ranges of SUVmaxEand SUVmaxDwere 3.2-8.2 and 3.3-9.8 respectively.None of 7 patients showed distant metastasis.Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT is helpful for identifying MTC and providing information about biological behavior and evaluating metastasis of MTC.

Chemical constituents of Mallotus conspurcatus / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of Mallotus conspurcatus. Methods: The ethyl acetate part of 75% ethanol extracts from M. conspurcatus was separated through chromatographic techniques. The isolates were identified on the basis of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS data. Results: Eighteen known compounds were isolated. They were 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7- methyl-anthraquinon (1), (-)-syringaresinol (2), 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4H-1-benzo-4-one (3), 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2,6,8-tri-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (4), paeoveitol B (5), pinellic acid (6), trans-p- hydroxycinnamic acid (7), trans-p-methoxycinnamic acid (8), trans-p-hydroxy-ethyl cinnamate (9), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (11), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (12), ferulic acid (13), syringic acid (14), syringic acid ethyl ester (15), hexadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl ester (16), galic acid (17), and ethyl gallate (18). Conclusion: Besides compounds 3, 4, and 13, the other compounds are isolated from the plants of Mallotus Lour. for the first time.

New EMA real-time fluorescence PCR method for detection of alive Listeria monocytogenes in foods / 中国人兽共患病学报

A new EMA real-time fluorescence PCR method was developed to detect alive Listeria monocytogenes in foods.The specific primers and probe were designed based on the conserved inlA gene.The pretreatment conditions including EMA of different concentrations and irradiating times were optimized.The detection limit and inhibition rate to dead bacteria of this method were confirmed by using direct plating method.The detection specificity was evaluated by using 35 L.monocytogenes strains,25 non-L.monocytogenes strains and 92 non-Listeria strains.Simulation detection experiments were performed on 15 beverage samples and 15 cooked meat samples supplemented separately with inactivated L.monocytogenes,alive L.monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.Results showed that the Ct of EMA real-time fluorescence PCR for alive L.monocytogenes was Ct=38.46-3.30 × log (R2=0.999).The detection limit was 55 cfu per reaction.Inhibition rate of DNA of inactivated strains was over 99.98％.The Ct of 35 L.monocytogenes strains were between 16.21 and 29.38,while 25 non-L.monocytogenes strains and 92 non-Listeria strains had Ct ＞35.The variation coefficient of CT was less than 5％ when the experiments were repeated.Results of 30 simulation samples were consistent with that by using standard method.The test time by using newly developed EMA real-time fluorescence PCR was shortened from 3-5 days to about 10 h.The newly developed EMA real-time fluorescence PCR method for alive L.monocytogenes is rapid,convenient,specific and sensitive and could be applyed in foods inspection.

Coumarins from Mallotus conspurcatus / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the coumarins from Mallotus conspurcatus. METHODS: The ethyl acetate part of 75% ethanol extracts from Mallotus conspurcatus was isolated. The compounds were isolated and purified with column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and ESI-MS data. RESULTS: Twelve coumarins were determined to be malloapelin A (1), 5'-demethyl aquillochin (2), aquillochin (3), cleomiscosin B (4), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-coumarin (5), braylin (6), aegelinol (7), bergapten (8), isofraxidin (9), fraxidin (10), grevillone (11), and fraxetin (12). CONCLUSION: Compounds 6-12 are isolated from this genus for the first time.

Effect of Qishen Yiqi droplet on adenylate contents in myocardium of cor pulmonale rats / 中国中药杂志

Cor pulmonale rat models were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline(MCT), and the sham group received a single intraperitioneal injection of normal saline. After the model rats received intragastric administration of Qishen Yiqi droplet(QS) for 6 weeks, the contents of adenylate(ATP, ADP and AMP) in right myocardial tissues were measured by HPLC, and then the metabolism changes in myocardium of cor pulmonale rats with QS were investigated. The results showed that ATP, ADP, and AMP were well separated, with a good linearity within a certain range of concentration; and the recovery rates were within the range of 90%-108%. As compared with model group, the level of ATP was significantly elevated in high-dose treatment group; ADP contents showed an increasing trend and AMP contents showed a decreasing trend, indicating that QS could significantly improve energy metabolism system in myocardium. By using the HPLC, a qualitative and quantitative analysis method was given for the determination of ATP, ADP and AMP contents in myocardium, providing a method for energy metabolism measurement in biological samples.

Optimization of alcohol precipitation technology of Biqiu granules based on index components and pharmacodynamics / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the rationality of alcohol precipitation technology of Biqiu granule by investigating its effect on serum histamine, IgE, IL-4, IFN and TNF-α. The contents of cafferic acid and rosmarinic acid were used as the evaluation indexes, and some factors affecting index were firstly evaluated by Plackett-Burman design; then alcohol precipitation technology was further optimized by Box-Behnken design to determine the optimal alcohol precipitation conditions. The best alcohol precipitation conditions were as follows: the relative density of herb liquor was 1.15 (65 ℃); the concentration of alcohol was 70%, and standing time was 12 hours. Optimal alcohol precipitation technology of Biqiu granules determined by pharmacodynamic screening, Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design tests, was stable and feasible with good predictability, providing reliable basis for the industrialization production of Biqiu granules.

Optimization of spraying dry technology of Biqiu ranules ethanol extract by Box-Behnken response surface method / 中国中药杂志

With inlet temperature, specific gravity, feeding speed as independent variables, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of content of schisandrin and arctiin as dependent variable, the experimental data were fitted to a second order polynomial equation. Based on establishing the mathematical relationship between the comprehensive evaluating indexes and respective variables, Box-Benhnken central composite test and response surface analysis method was employed to optimize the spray drying technology of Biqiu granules ethanol extract. The optimal drying parameter was as follows: the inlet temperature was 175 degrees C, the specific gravity was 1.10, feeding speed was 32 r x min(-1). Under these conditions, the comprehensive evaluating indexes of spraying dry processes was 92.68, which was close to the model prediction. The spraying dry technology of Biqiu granules ethanol extract optimized by response surface methodology was accurate and feasible, which provided theoretical experiment basis for the industrialization production.

Preliminary study on substitution of Antelope Horn in Danqi Piantan capsule with artificial bezoar / 中国中药杂志

To study the protective effect of Danqi Piantan capsule ( DPC) and its antelope horn substitution (DPCAS) on the cerebral ischemia, in order to preliminary study the possibility of replacing antelope horn with artificial bezoar. In this study, the left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was adopted. Totally 150 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the sham operation group, the model group, the Danqi Piantan capsule (DPC) group (0.246 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)), the Danqi Piantan capsule without antelope horn (DPCRA) group (0.246 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)), the Danqi Piantan capsule without antelope horn and with double artificial bezoar (DPCDB) group (0.246 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)). The MCAO model was prepared 1 h later after the administration on the 5th day. At 24 h after the operation, the inner canthus blood was collected to determine the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the endothelin (ET) content. At 72 h after the operation, the cerebral infarct size and the cerebral index were determined by TTC-staining. The fluorescent quantitative PCR method was used to detect brain Bcl-2, Caspase-3, IL-1β, P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1 mRNA expressions. The mmunohistochemical method was used to detect ICAM-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 expressions in ischemic penumbra. According to the results, compared with the model group, DPCDB and DPC groups showed almost consistent results, indicating both of the two group can significantly improved cerebral infarction index and cerebral index (P < 0.05), increase the serum SOD activity (P < 0.05), decrease the serum ET level and Caspase-3 expression, IL-1β, P-selectin, E-selectin, ICAM-1 mRNA expressions in brain tissues (P < 0.05) and expressions of ICAM-1, IL-1,6, TNF-α, IL-6 positive cells in ischemic penumbra (P < 0.05) and increase the Bcl-2 expression (P < 0.05). The DPCRA group showed much lower impacts on indexes than DPCDB and DPC groups. This suggests that DPCDB and DPC reveal similar efficacies and antelope horn in Danqi Piantan capsule can be substitutes by artificial bezoar.

Optimization for vacuum belt drying process of Qibai Pingfei granule through response surface methodology / 中国中药杂志

Based on single factor tests,the optimum vacuum belt drying conditions of Qibai Pingfei granule were obtained through Box-Benhnken central combination design and RSM. In this study, drying time, drying temperature and extract density were chosen as independent variables, while transferring rate ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁and astragaloside IV were taken as dependent variables. The optimum parameters are as follows: drying time of 112 min, drying temperature of 87 °C and extract density of 1.30 g · mL⁻¹. At the optimum condition, transferring rate ginsenoside Rg₁+ Re, Rb₁and astragaloside IV were 88.01%, 87.31%, 84. 34%. Above all, the optimum processing parameters of vacuum belt drying of Qibai Pingfei granule is reasonable and feasible, which can provide reliable basis for production.